Free Products and the Seifert-Van Kampen theorem

due by Monday, Dec 7, 2020
  1. Let $G$ be a group. Prove or disprove that the free product $G * \{e\}$ is isomorphic to $G$.
  2. Let $G = (\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}) *(\mathbb{ Z}/2\mathbb{Z})$. Prove or disprove that $G$ contains a subgroup of finite index isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}$.
  3. Suppose the topological space $X$ is the union of two path-connected open subsets whose intersection is simply-connected and each of which has fundamental group isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}$. Prove or disprove that the fundamental group of $X$ must be isomorphic to the free group on two generators.