Documentation

Mathlib.Algebra.ContinuedFractions.Computation.TerminatesIffRat

Termination of Continued Fraction Computations (GeneralizedContinuedFraction.of) #

Summary #

We show that the continued fraction for a value v, as defined in Mathlib.Algebra.ContinuedFractions.Basic, terminates if and only if v corresponds to a rational number, that is ↑v = q for some q : ℚ.

Main Theorems #

Tags #

rational, continued fraction, termination

Terminating Continued Fractions Are Rational #

We want to show that the computation of a continued fraction GeneralizedContinuedFraction.of v terminates if and only if v ∈ ℚ. In this section, we show the implication from left to right.

We first show that every finite convergent corresponds to a rational number q and then use the finite correctness proof (of_correctness_of_terminates) of GeneralizedContinuedFraction.of to show that v = ↑q.

Every finite convergent corresponds to a rational number.

Every terminating continued fraction corresponds to a rational number.

Technical Translation Lemmas #

Before we can show that the continued fraction of a rational number terminates, we have to prove some technical translation lemmas. More precisely, in this section, we show that, given a rational number q : ℚ and value v : K with v = ↑q, the continued fraction of q and v coincide. In particular, we show that

    (↑(GeneralizedContinuedFraction.of q : GeneralizedContinuedFraction ℚ) :
      GeneralizedContinuedFraction K)
  = GeneralizedContinuedFraction.of v`

in GeneralizedContinuedFraction.coe_of_rat_eq.

To do this, we proceed bottom-up, showing the correspondence between the basic functions involved in the Computation first and then lift the results step-by-step.

First, we show the correspondence for the very basic functions in GeneralizedContinuedFraction.IntFractPair.

Now we lift the coercion results to the continued fraction computation.

Given (v : K), (q : ℚ), and v = q, we have that of q = of v

Continued Fractions of Rationals Terminate #

Finally, we show that the continued fraction of a rational number terminates.

The crucial insight is that, given any q : ℚ with 0 < q < 1, the numerator of Int.fract q is smaller than the numerator of q. As the continued fraction computation recursively operates on the fractional part of a value v and 0 ≤ Int.fract v < 1, we infer that the numerator of the fractional part in the computation decreases by at least one in each step. As 0 ≤ Int.fract v, this process must stop after finite number of steps, and the computation hence terminates.

Shows that for any q : ℚ with 0 < q < 1, the numerator of the fractional part of IntFractPair.of q⁻¹ is smaller than the numerator of q.

Shows that the sequence of numerators of the fractional parts of the stream is strictly antitone.